The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

npq vb. a/u to go out

G View a KWIC

1 to go out, come out, leave Com. TDanStel 5 : w]ʾpq | mṅ | ṧbʿ̇[t. then I went out from the sev[en?. TAD A3.3 R.3 : מן יום זי נפקתם מן מצרין since the day you left Egypt. TAD B2.1 R.13 : תרעא זך לא זילך הו ולא תנפק בשוקא זי בינין ובין בית פפטעונית מלחא that doorway is not yours; you may not go out through the street that is between us and the house of sailor PN. TAD A4.8R.4 : כזי ארשם נפק ואזל [על] מלכא when Arsames left and went to the KIng. P Song3:11 : ܦܘܩ̈ܝܢ ܘܚ̈ܙܝܝܢ ܒܢ̈ܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ . BT Pes 10b(23) : הינו דנפק הינו דעייל the (mouse) that comes out is the (same) one that goes in (afterwards). BT Tan 9b(15) : ביממא הוה נפיק ואתי וסאיר לה in the daytime he used to come out and inspect it [i.e. the garden]. BT Meg 22a(36) : דלא שבקי ספר תורה ונפקי they do not leave the Torah scroll and go out (of the synagogue). (a) literal motion (a.1) to protrude, appear on a surface BA^Dan, Syr. Dan5:5 : בַּהּ־שַעֲתָה נְפַקָה אֶצְבְּעָן דִּי יַד־אֱנָש at that moment the fingers of a human hand appeared. P Gn19:23 : ܫܡܫܐ ܢܦܩ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ . 1 (plant) to grow, come out of the ground OA, CPA. Sf.1.a28 : ʾl ypq ḥṣr wlytḥzh yrq may greenery not come out nor vegetation appear. 2 to rise Qumran, JBA. 4QEnastr b 7 iii:2 : ומשרה למתב למתה ולמפק בחרתיה while it (the Sun) begins to set and come back and go out on its course. BT Git 77a(1) : לכי נפקא from the time that (the sun) rises. (a.2) to go out to greet, to meet Syr, JBA. BT Ket 17a(18) : נפק אמהתא דבי קיסר לאפיה the maidservants of the palace went out to greet him. 1 to contend with JBA. (a.3) to go away Com. 11QtgJob 32.3=39:4 : יקשן בניהן ויפקן their children grow up and go away. BTŠab 69b(38) : כיון דבשבת לא נפיק במעלי שבת<א> נמי לא נפיק since he does not set out on a journey on the Sabbath, neither does he set out on a journey on Friday. 1 to be exported Syr. P Ez16:14 : ܢܦܩ ܫܡܐ . P Esth1:17 : ܢܦܘܩ ܛܐܒܐ . 2 p.p. : expelled, driven away Gal, CPA. (a.4) as co-verb : to do something while going out BA^Dan, Qumran. Dan3:26 : פֻּקוּ וֶאֱתוֹ come out!. 1QapGen 11.11 : אדין א֗נ֗ה נ֗ו֗ח נפקת והלכת בארעא לאורכהא ולפותיהא֗ then I, Noah, went out through the length and breadth of the land. (b) fig. (b.1) to be derived CPA, Syr, JBA. BT Ber 14b(39) : ותיפוק לי מדר׳ יהושע בן קרחא let me derive it from the position of PN. 1 (progeny) to issue JBA. BTŠab 23b(25) : תרי גברי רברבי נפקי מהכא נפוק מינייהו רב אידי בר אבין ורב חייא בר אבין two great men will issue from here. PN and PN2 issued from them. (b.2) to be published, promulgated, spread abroad BA^Dan, JLAtg, CPA, JBA. Dan2:13 : וְדָתָא נֶפְקַת וְחַכִּימַיָּא מִתְקַטְּלִין the decree was promulgated and the scholars were being killed. TgJ Ez16:14 : וֻנפַק לִיך שֻום כְנִשתָא דְיִשרָאֵל בֵינֵי עַמְמַיָא בִשֻפרִיך the name of the assembly of Israel has gone out among the nations for you because of your beauty. BT Ket 26a(17) : ונפק עליה קלא a rumor was spread about him. BT BB 39a(10) : לא תפוק לכו שותא let not talk of you be spread about. (b.3) to depart (from a state of being) Syr. HippAp 32(4) : ܒܟܠ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܐܝܕܐ ܕܗܼܝ ܐܚܪܬܐ ܕܢܿܦܩ ܦܓܪܐ ܡܼܢ ܟܝܢܗ in any other place where the body departs from its natural state. (c) in compounds: things/persons that emerge view entire list

2 to turn into, end up differently from how it started Com. 1QapGen 16.14 : ולשם נפק עדבא תני֗אנא the second lot came out for Shem. BHBS.M Min 3.3.3.1 : ܒܫܘ̈ܥܝܬܗܘܢ ܗܿܢܝܢ ܕܠܡܥܒܕܢܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܢܦ̈ܩܢ in those fairy tales of theirs that do not achieve realization. BTŠab 29b(28) : נפיק מיניה חורבא ruin will result. BT Ket 11a(25) : כי גדלה נמי מחיא ונפקא when she grows up she can protest (against her conversion) and leave (Judaism). (a) to be translated Syr. StSin11 33:5 : ܘܢܦܩܼܬܿ ܦܢܩܝܼܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܡܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܝܘܢܝܐ ܠܣܘܼܪܝܝܐ This book was translated from Greek into Syriac.. (b) to be emancipated Syr. (c) to result from a mathematical procedure Syr. (c.1) w. ܒ_: to divide by Syr. GeZA8 13:18 : ܘܟܕ ܠܟܠܗ ܟܘܢܫܐ ܢܦܩܿܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܠܠ܊ while they would divide the entire sum into (units of) 30 each. (c.2) w. ܡܢ : to subtract from Syr. AphDem21.399:10 : ܘܟܕ ܬܦܘܩ ܡܢܗܝܢ ܫܒܥܝܢ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ ܕܒܒܠ . (c.3) to multiply (trans.) Syr. (d) +מן : to follow logically from JBA. BTŠab 21a(1) : למאי נפקא מינה what is the practical difference? [lit. concerning what does it follow from it?].

3 to be spent, i.e. used up, consumed Com. WisSol13:12 : ܠܚܘܫܚܐ ܕܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܢܦܩܗ . (a) to be expended Com. P 2K12:13 : ܡܕܡ ܕܢܦܩ ܥܠ ܒܝܬܐ . P Ezra6:8 : ܬܗܘܐ ܢܦܩܬܐ ܢܦܩܐ ܘܡܬܝܗܒܐ . BT Qid 20a(50) : ברתיה מיגרעא ונפקא (the debt of ) his daughter (sold into bondage) is reduced (as time passes) and she goes free. BT AZ 10b(11) : דאתו מיניהו ליפוק עליהו their descendants [lit. those who come from them] will have expenditures. TgEsth2^sup5.1-03:2 : כולהון זוודין דיהב לי מלכא לפרנסא ית אוכלוסין דאנא מתמני עליהון לרישא נפקו ואזלו all of he provisions that the king gave me to support the troops over which I have been appointed have been expended and run out. (b) to pass time Jud, Syr, JBA. AphDem13.237:16 : ܥܕ ܢܦܩܝܢ ܬܪ̈ܥܣܪ ܝܪ̈ܚܝܢ . JDalBeulay 174:28 : ܘܠܐ ܢܦܩ̈ܝ ܫܢ̈ܝ ܚܝ̈ܘܗܝ ܒܥܝܼܪܐܝܬ the years of his life do not pass by brutishly. (c) to become lost Syr. (c.1) (npš)(mn ˁlmˀ) : to die : see also s.v. npq #4 n.m. CPA, JBA, Man. (d) ܠܲܥܒܵܕܵܐ : to be done (but also: to take effect) Syr. (e) ܠܲܫܠܵܡܵܐ܂ ܠܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐ : to be finished Syr.

4 כד נפק ב : similar to, appropriate for Gal, PTA. SYAP 44[1]:4 : זוג כד נפק בך תקל He weighed out a spouse appropriate for you. TN Gen2:20 : ולאדם לא אשכח ליה זוג/בר זוג/ כד נפק ביה .

5 specialized meanings with various prepositions and objects (a) מן : to make a difference JBA. (b) b_ to fulfill a duty JBA. BT Ber 53b(40) : וכי לא שמע כל הברכה היכי נפיק but when he does not hear the entire blessing, how can he fulfill his obligation?. (b.1) ידי חובה : (act) to fulfill an obligation JBA. (c) ܢܦܩ ܡܠܬܐ to begin with an apology Syr. (c.1) +ܚܠܦ : to exempt from blame Syr. (d) ܡܢ ܗܘܢܐ܂ ܡܢ ܛܥܡܐ : to become insane, go out of one's mind Syr. P Mk3:21 ; . (e) ܪܘܚܐ܂ ܒܪܘܚܐ : to plead a cause, make an apologia Syr. AphDem12.227:17 : ܐܝܟ ܕܠܡܦܩ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܕܠܘܩܒܠ ܝܗ̈ܘܕܝܐ . P Acts26:24 : ܘܟܼܲܕܼ ܗܵܟܼܲܢܵܐ ܢܵܦܼܸܩ ܗ̱ܘܵܐ ܦܿܲܘܠܵܘܣ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ when Paul had thus argued. (e.1) + ܠܘܩܒܠ : to refute Syr. (e.2) ܥܠ : to excuse Syr. TB 1:1.32 : ܟܕ ܨܿܒܝܢ ܐܢܚܢܢ ܕܢܦܘܩ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܪܘܚܐ ܥܠ ܕܩܕܩ̈ܬܐ when we wish to excuse Him for minor things. (f) ܒܘܬܐ : to keep a vigil Syr.

D View a KWIC

1 to bring out Syr. (a) to produce Syr. (b) to expose Syr.

2 to punish Syr.

3 to expend Syr.

4 to train, instruct Syr. (a) ܒ : to exercise Syr. (b) p.p. see s.v. mnpq adj. Syr. (c) v.n. training; see s.v. nwpq Syr.

5 ܪܘܼܚܵܐ : to excuse oneself, apologize Syr. IIMac13:26 : ܘܩܪܒ ܠܘܣܝܐܣ ܩܕܡ ܒܝܡ ܘܢܦܩ ܠܗܘܢ ܪܘܚܐ PN went in front of the rostrum and apologized to them.

C View a KWIC

1 to bring forth, produce Com. AECT.13 2.1 ; . TAD B2.3 R.15 : ולא יכהלון יהנפקון עליכי ספר חדת ועתיק בשמי they shall not be able to produce against you a new or old document in my name. TgJ Ez34:13 : וְאַפֵיקִנֻון מִבֵינֵי עַמְמַיָא וַאֲכַנֵישִנֻון מִן מְדִינָתָא וְאַעֵילִנֻון לַאֲרַעהוֹן . PTMaSh56.c:11[2] : תפקון מעשריא מן מעטני זיתא you should take the tithes from the olive vats. (a) to cause to come forth Com. 11QtgJob 31.5=38:27 : ולהנפקה צמחי דתאה . AphDem12.224:4 : ܐܦܩ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܡܢ ܟܐܦܐ . (a.1) to promulgate (rumors, judgments, etc.) Syr. P Dt22:14 : ܘܢܓܘܪ ܒܬܪܗܿ ܥܠܬܐ ܒܡ̈ܠܐ܂ ܘܢܿܦܩ ܥܠܝܗܿ ܫܡܐ ܒܝܫܐ should he make an accusation against her and promulgate a bad reputation for her. (b) to stick something out Jud. (c) to export OfA^Eg, Palmyrene. TAD C3.7 E.V.2. : דמי נתרא זי הנפקו לימא the value of the natron they exported to the sea.

2 to remove, expel BA^Ezra, BA^Dan, Nabatean, JLAtg, Gal, Syr. Ezra6:5 : מָאנֵי בֵית אֱלָהָא דִּי דַהֲבָה וְכַסְפָּא דִּי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הַנְפֵּק מִן־הֵיכְלָא דִי־בִירוּשְלֶם . Dan5:3 : מָאנֵי דַהֲבָא דִּי הַנְפִּקוּ מִן־הֵיכְלָא the golden vessels they had removed from the sanctuary. NabTomb 11:3 : mn dy ytptḥ yth ʾw ynpq yth mn gwḥʾ whoever has it opened or removes him from the burial niche. PTHag77.d:57[2] : הב ידך על עיינך ואפקה put your hand on your eye and remove it. OS LkSin6:42 : ܐܦܩ ܠܘܩܕܡ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܥܝܢܟ ܘܗܝܕܝܢ ܢܬܚܙܐ ܠܟ ܠܡܦܩܘ ܓܠܐ ܡܢ ܥܝܢܗ ܕܐܚܘܟ first take the beam from your eye and then you will be able to see how to take out the mote from your brother's eye. (a) to eject Syr. (a.1) to exclude JBA. BT Ned 41a(36) : לאפוקי מאי לאפוקי הא דתני׳ to exclude what? To exclude that which is learnt .... (a.2) to transfer from one legal status to another JBA. BT Yev 121b(46) : אינסיבא לא מפקינן לה לה מיניה (if ) she got married, we do not compel him to divorce her. (b) to divorce Syr. (c) to carry off Syr. P Gn14:18 : ܐܦܩ ܠܚܡܐ ܘܚܡܪܐ . P 2K24:13 : ܘܐܦܩ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܟܠܗ ܓܙܐ . (c.1) to bury Syr. (c.2) to divert JBA. BT Git 73a(21) : לסוף אפיקו בה נהרא some time later they diverted a canal through it [i.e. the field].

3 to expend Com. PAT1378:1.5 : ʾpq mn kysh npqn rbrbn he spent large expenses from his pocket. BhBS.E Econ 1.2.4 : ܘܠܢܦܩ̈ܬܐ ܐܢܢܩ̈ܝܬܐ ܚܕ ܗܘ ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܡܡܫܚܐܝܬ ܢܦܩ ܐܢܫ and necessary expenses have only one rule: that one should spend moderately. BTŠab 41a(25) : פתחו פומייכו ואפיקו הבאלא open your mouths (in the bathhouse) and expel the vapor (of the perspiration). (a) (time) ie. to spend, pass time Syr. P Lk10:35 : ܐܲܦܸܿܩ ܬܿܪܸ̈ܝܢ ܕܼܿܝܢܵܪܼ̈ܝܢ .

4 to produce a text Syr, JBA. BTŠvu 41a(26) : האי ^מאן^ ^ד^מפיק שטרא אחבריה one who produces a document against another. (a) to translate Syr. (b) to announce a legal decision Gal, Syr, JBA, JBAg. CanJohb Curs 24(18) ; . CyrilLet 4:14 : ܚܕ ܕܝܢܐ ܫܿܘܝܐܼ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܐܦܩܬ it [council of Ephesus] issued a single, equivalent judgment over them. P Je51:10 : ܐܦܩ ܡܪܝܐ ܙܟܘܬܢ the Lord has announced our righteous decision [MT הוֹצִיא יְהוָה אֶת־צִדְקֹתֵינוּ]. (c) to produce a report, rumor Syr. P Nm14:37 : ܘܡܝܬܘ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܐܦܩܘ ܛܒܐ ܒܝܫܐ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ the men who had produced a bad report about the land. (d) p.p.: educated Syr.

5 to subtract, to divide Syr, JBA. BT AZ 9b(10) : ליתי תרתי מכל מאה ולישדי אפרטי וליפקינהו בשבועי let him bring 2 (years) of each hundred, add them to the remaining parts, and divide them by sabbatical cycles.

7 in various expressions: (a) ܪܘܼܚܵܐ܂ ܒܪܘܼܚܵܐ : to excuse Syr. P Lk12:11 : ܠܵܐ ܬܼܿܐܨܦܿܘܼܢ ܐܲܝܟܿܲܢܵܐ ܬܸܿܦܿܩܘܼܢ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ do not worry about how you will defend yourselves. (b) ܠܲܥܒܵܕܵܐ : to finish Syr. (b.1) to read through completely Gal. PTRH59.b:29[2] : דלית איפשר דהוא מפיק פרשתיה דלא אולפן it is impossible for him to read through his pericope without learning. (c) ידי חובתא : to fulfill someone else's obligations JBA. BT San 31a(27) : ההוא תלמידא דאפיק מילתא דאיתמר בבי מדרשא דר׳ אמי a certain student who revealed a matter which was said in PN's school.

Dt View a KWIC

1 to be instructed, trained Syr. Heb 5:14 : ܐܸܬܼܢܲܦܿܲܩܘ ܪܸܓܼܫܲܝܗܘܢ their senses have been trained. (a) to experience successfully Syr. JSB4 233:18 : ܟܡܐ ܙܟܘ̈ܢ ܐܬܢܦܩ ܗܘܐ ܘܟܢ ܐܫܬܡܗ how many victories he successfully emerged from so that became famous.

2 to be driven out Syr. Hex Job 24:12 : ܡܬܢܦܩܝܢ ܗܘܘ .

Ct View a KWIC

1 to be taken out JLAtg, PTA, Syr, JBAg, LJLA. TgO Gen38:25 : הִיא מִתַפקָא וְהִיא שְלַחַת לִחמֻוהָא when she was being taken out, she sent word to her father-in-law. GT X1.38:25 ; . HP Sassoon(1) 166.1 : והיכא דשכיב קודים הרגל ואיתפק חדא שעתא in a case where someone died before the festival and was taken out a single hour (before it). PJ Gen38:25 : תמר מיתאפקא לאיתוקדא .

2 to be expelled Gal, Syr, BabMBK. JBABowl 59.1:14 : ויתפקון מיניה (all the demons) should be exorcised from him. (a) to be allowed to get out JLAtg, LJLA. TgO Ex22:5 ; . PJ Ex22:5 : ארום תיתפק נור ותשכח כובין should fire be allowed to escape and encounter thorns.

3 to be spent Syr, JBAg.

4 to be translated Syr. IshDan 136(1) : ܕܒܝܘ̈ܡܬܗ ܐܬܬܦܩܘ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܥܒܪܝܐ ܠܝܘܢܝܐ in whose days the scriptures were translatied from Hebrew to Greek.

5 (gram.) to be pronounced Syr.

The rare examples of pael in Syriac (if justified!) would all seem to be idiosyncratic usages in place of the standard meanings of afel.

Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 933[438]; DJPA: 356b; DJBA: 763b; Jastrow: 925; Drower/Macuch: 304a; Payne-Smith: 2419; J. Payne-Smith: 345f; Levy Ch-W: 2:121; Tal Sam: 538; DNWSI: 741; Audo: 2:106; DCPA[Schulthess]: 269[126]; BarBahlul: 584:12;

View a complete KWIC view additional bibliographic refs.

Derivatives:

ˀpwqy v.n.pl.C dismissal

ˀpqh, ˀpqwtˀ (ˀappāqū, ˀappāqūtā) v.n.C taking out

by mpqtˀ n.m. anus

hnpqh, hnpqtˀ n.f. expenses

kd npq b_ prep. similar to

mnpq, mnpqˀ n.m. egress

mnpq (mnappaq) adj. erudite

mnpqnw, mnpqnwtˀ (mnappəqānū, mnappəqānūṯā) n.f. publication

mpwqwn n.f.pl.t. sunrise

mpwqy, mpwqytˀ n.f. going out

mpwqyn, mpwqyˀ n.m.pl.t. exit

mpq, mpqˀ (mappaq, mappǝqā) n.m. exit

mpqh, mpqtˀ (mappəqā, mappaqtā) n.f. going out

mpqw, mpqwtˀ (mappəqū, mappəqūtā) n.f. setting out

mpqn, mpqnˀ (mappəqān, mappəqānā) n.m. exit

mpqny (mappqānāy) adj. leading out

mpqnh n.f. going out

mpqnw, mpqnwtˀ (mappəqānū, mappəqānūṯā) n.f. exodus

nwpq, nwpqˀ (nuppāq, nuppāqā) v.n.D education

nwpqˀ (nup̄qā) n.m. abscess

npwq (nāp̄ōq, nāp̄ōqā) nom.ag. one that exits

npwqw, npwqwtˀ (nāp̄ōqū, nāp̄ōqūṯā) n.f. exit

npyq (np̄īq) adj. ejected (?)

npyqw, npyqwtˀ (np̄īqū, np̄īqūṯā) n.f. version

npyq (nappīq) adj. gone out

npyqy (nappīqāy) adj. s.o. who has passed away

npq, npqˀ (*np̄aq, nap̄qā) n.m. tumor, projecting piece

npq, npqˀ (np̄eq, nep̄qā) n.m. mine; valuable coin or document

npq, npqˀ (nāp̄eq, nāp̄qā) n.m. hermit

npq, npqˀ n.m. one exiting life, i.e. a dying person

npq br, npq brˀ (nāp̄eq bar, nāp̄eq barā) n.m. male prostitute

npqˀ dḥmrˀ (npāqā dḥamrā) n.m. juice of immature grapes

npqh, npqtˀ (nap̄qā, np̄aqṯā) n.f. expense

npqw, npqwtˀ n.f. expense

npqh n.f. projection

npqt br, npqt brˀ (nāp̄qaṯ bar, nāp̄qaṯ barrā) n.f. prostitute

npqt šwqˀ (nāp̄qaṯ šūqē) n.f. prostitute

pqy, pwqy (pŏqē) n.pl.t. post-